Detection and molecular characterization of cactus witchesbroom. The efsa panel on plant health performed a pest categorisation for the witches broom disease of lime citrus aurantifolia phytoplasma for the eu territory. General information about strawberry witches broom phytoplasma sywb00 eppo global database. Almond witchesbroom almwb, a devastating disease of almond, peach and nectarine in lebanon, is associated with candidatus phytoplasma. Proliferation and leaf narrowing caused by potato witches broom phytoplasma on potato plants in the field. The peanut witches broom pnwb phytoplasma causes virescence symptoms such as phyllody leafy flower in infected peanuts. Jujube witchesbroom jwb disease caused by jwb phytoplasma widespread in china and causes serious problems to the industry. Among the major constraints, witches broom disease of citrus wbd is a very serious disease in most citrus growing regions and dramatically decreases citrus yields gunderson and lee 1996, firrao et al. Until the phytoplasmal cells were demonstrated through transmission electron microscopy, jwb disease was described as a grafttransmissible viral disease. Pest categorisation of witches broom disease of lime citrus aurantifolia phytoplasma efsa panel on plant health plh, michael jeger, claude bragard, thierry candresse, elisavet chatzivassiliou, katharina dehnenschmutz, gianni gilioli, jean.
Symptoms of the lwb phytoplasma include witchs brooms. Phylogenetic relationships of five jujube witchesbroom jwb phytoplasma isolates from four different districts, and other phytoplasmas, were investigated by 16s rdna pcr amplification and sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of rose witchesbroom phytoplasma. Peanut witches broom pnwb phytoplasma 16sriia and periwinkle leaf yellowing ply phytoplasma belonging to the aster yellows group 16srib maintained in periwinkle plants were inoculated into healthy citrus plants by dodder transmission. However, the crotalarias phytoplasma was in a separate subclade from all the other. This is the first report of a candidatus phytoplasma ulmi. This study investigated whether phytoplasma strains belonging to ca. The peanut witches broom pnwb phytoplasma causes virescence symptoms such as phyllody leafy. Candidatus phytoplasma ziziphi, a novel phytoplasma. Using the technique of integrative mapping with three vectors carrying chromosomal rdna sequences, one of two rrna operons of loofah witches broom lfwb phytoplasma was constructed. Considering the diversity of plant species infected by the ash yellows group suggests that g. Also in 2009, effector sap11 was shown to target plant cell nuclei and unload from phloem cells in aywbinfected plants. Strawberry witches broom phytoplasma sywb00documents.
A dense mass of shoots grows from a single point, with the resulting structure resembling a broom or a birds nest. Candidatus phytoplasma phoenicium bmc microbiology biomed. Witches broom disease of lime wbdl 3 from infected citrus trees. This is the first reported occurrence of a peanut witchesbroom phytoplasma infecting plants in northern areas of china. Pdf on jul 1, 2015, omhashem m elbanna and others published molecular and electron microscope evidence for an association of phytoplasma with citrus witches broom disease find, read and cite. However, the obligate nature of phytoplasma limits the study of hostpathogen interactions, and the detailed anatomy of pnwbinfected plants has yet to. However, the molecular mechanism of the disease is poorly understood. Pdf a national survey was conducted in lebanon in 20092010 and updated in 2012 in order to determine the extent of spread of almond witches broom. Transcriptomic analysis of paulownia infected by paulownia. Witches broom also can be grafttransmitted using tissue from witches broom shoots as well as transmitted experimentally via dodder between citrus and periwinkle. Pdf aster yellows phytoplasmas ayps increase the fecundity of the leafhopper vector macrosteles quadrilineatus, and expands the host range. The 16s rdna sequences of any pair of the five isolates of jwb phytoplasmas were 995 % similar. Molecular detection of alfalfa witchesbroom phytoplasma in four leafhopper species associated with infected alfalfa plants. Witches broom disease wbd, caused by candidatus phytoplasma aurantifolia, is a serious disease of acid lime citrus aurantifolia in oman and the uae.
Organization of ribosomal rna genes from a loofah witches. Peanut witches broom pnwb phytoplasmamediated leafy. Almond is affected by several phytoplasma diseases but almond witches broom almwb is the most destructive one. The chilli witches broom phytoplasma cwbp sequence acc. Lilac witches broom lwb is a disease of lilacs caused by candidatus phytoplasma fraxini.
Phytoplasmas associated with almond witches broom disease. This is the first report of candidatus phytoplasma belonging to the 16srvi phytoplasma group associated with witches broom disease of azadirachta indica from india. The jwb phytoplasma 16s rdna sequences were most closely related to. The analysis further confirmed that the phytoplasma associated with newb disease of neem belongs to 16sr group vi and subgroup 16sr ivd. In july, 2011, alfalfa plants were observed in yangling. Molecular characterization of phytoplasma associated with echinops witches broom disease. Comparative transcriptome analysis of ziziphus jujuba. Previously, we have identified a sap11like effector from wheat blue dwarf phytoplasma, swp1, which induces witches broom symptoms in nicotiana benthamiana. There are numerous causes, including rust gymnosporangium and pucciniastrum. In conclusion, our investigation suggested that cytokinin might be a key phytohormone related to the formation of witchesbroom, which is the major symptom shown by paulownia when it is infected by pawb phytoplasma. The increase in the number of lateral buds would result in witchesbroom symptoms. Symptoms of witches broom disease caused by phytoplasma, including general stunting and yellowing, were observed in potatoes solanum tuberosum l. First report of occurrence of candidatus phytoplasma trifoliirelated.
Genomewide identification and analysis of micrornas. This phytoplasma was the first member of the pigeon pea group reported to infect stone fruits. Candidatus phytoplasma brasiliense, a new phytoplasma. Cryopreservation for eradication of jujube witches broom. Classification and phylogenetic relationships of the associated phytoplasma. Comparative phylogenetic analyses of the highly conserved 16s rrna gene and the moderately conserved rplv rpl22rpsc rps3. Yusuf aboujawdah, hala dakhil, shoaa elmehtar, and ingming lee. Shaanxi province, china with typical witches broom symptoms. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 2001, 51, 11091118 printed in great britain candidatus phytoplasma brasiliense, a new phytoplasma taxon associated with hibiscus witches broom disease 1 usdaars, molecular plant pathology. Association of phytoplasmas with a witchesbroom disease. Witchs broom or witches broom is a deformity in a woody plant, typically a tree, where the natural structure of the plant is changed. In this study, genomewide identification and analysis of micrornas in response to witchesbroom was performed. Documents about strawberry witches broom phytoplasma sywb00 number title download.
Thereafter, it spread to the commerical fields causing severe damage to the crop during the last 5 years. Typical potato witches broom symptoms showing formation of hairy sprouts on infected potato plants collected from the field. Almond witchesbroom phytoplasma candidatus phytoplasma phoenicium. Pdf association of a phytoplasma with witches broom, a. Jujube witchesbroom a phytoplasma disease of ziziphus jujuba is prevalent in china and is a serious problem to the industry. Phytoplasmas of 16srv have previously reported on jujube zhu et al. However, little is known about the distribution of phytoplasma and the expression of wbd. Pdf molecular characterization of phytoplasma associated. A witchesbroom disease of withania somnifera first appeared in 1988 at cimap experimental fields, lucknow, india. Ky612251 shared 100% nucleotide sequence identity with the 16s rdna. This is the basis of which the name witches broom disease of lime was given to the disorder in oman bove, 1986. Phytoplasma was identified as the causal agent of witches broom disease of citrus bove, 1986. Comparative genome analysis of jujube witchesbroom. However, the obligate nature of phytoplasma limits the study of hostpathogen interactions, and the detailed anatomy of pnwbinfected plants has yet to be reported.
Pdf a phytoplasma closely related to the pigeon pea. Phytoplasmas of the taxonomic group 16srii peanut witches broom phytoplasma group are associated with diseases affecting crops and wild plants in different geographical areas worldwide. In this study, we observed that swp1 expressing transgenic arabidopsis. Detection and identification of elm yellows group phytoplasma. Classification of a new phytoplasmas subgroup 16sriiw. However, the obligate nature of phytoplasma limits the study of host. The pest has been reported in a few countries in the middle east and is not known to occur in the eu. The jwb phytoplasma 16s rdna sequences were most closely related to that of the elm.
Phylogenetic relationships of five jujube witches broom jwb phytoplasma isolates from four different districts, and other phytoplasmas, were investigated by 16s rdna pcr amplification and sequence analysis. A previous study showed that an infection by phytoplasma may not necessarily result in the physical appearance of witches broom symptoms in some locations in oman and the uae. Pm100228 eppo a1 and a2 lists of pests recommended for regulation as. Thousands of almond trees have died over the past 10 years due to the rapid spread of the disease. Potato witches broom phytoplasma yellowstype disease. This phytoplasma was first identified as the causal agent of ash yellows and has since been attributed to both diseases. Genetic analysis of candidatus phytoplasma aurantifolia. Candidatus phytoplasma aurantifolia is associated with witches broom disease of lime in oman and the uae. Pest categorisation of witches broom disease of lime. Based on sequence analysis of dna products from polymerase chain reaction pcramplified 16s ribosomal dna and 16s23s spacer region using universal.
Witches broom, symptom of plant disease that occurs as an abnormal brushlike cluster of dwarfed weak shoots arising at or near the same point. An epidemic of almond witchesbroom has devastated almond production in lebanon. The pigeon pea witchesbroom phytoplasma group 16srix comprises diverse strains that cause numerous diseases in leguminous trees and herbaceous crops, vegetables, a fruit, a nut tree and a forest tree. A literature search on witches broom mlo was conducted at the beginning of the categorisation in the isi web of science bibliographic database, using the scientific name of the pest witches broom disease of lime phytoplasma and candidatus phytoplasma aurantifolia as search terms. Strawberry witches broom phytoplasma sywb00overview. Pest categorisation of witches broom disease of lime citrus. In 2009, 56 genes for secreted proteins were identified in the genome of aster yellows phytoplasma strain witches broom aywb. Here, we report efficient eradication of jujube witches broom phytoplasma candidatus phytoplasma ziziphi from chinese jujube ziziphus jujuba by cryopreservation.
The disease is associated with the presence of candidatus phytoplasma ziziphi, a prokaryote, and very little knowledge is known about its interactions with jujube plants. Characterization of a phytoplasma associated with witches. Jujube witches broom jwb, an important disease in z. A recent report indicates that wbdl phytoplasma can be. Phytoplasma was associated with the disease on the basis of symptomatology, mode of transmission, electronmicroscopic studies and response of.
1193 356 1421 1480 648 928 48 188 931 1509 296 1167 982 1096 733 456 1499 304 1431 48 1316 592 1259 1174 353 351 973 93 142 813 206 102 622 850 308 138 659 1107